A biopsy is the removal of tissue for microscopic examination.

A large specimen biopsy provides a more comprehensive sample compared to small/core biopsies, allowing detailed evaluation of tissue architecture.

Clinical uses include:

Diagnosing malignant tumors and differentiating benign from malignant lesions.

Evaluating chronic inflammatory or autoimmune diseases.

Assessing organ-specific pathology (liver, kidney, lung, gastrointestinal tract, etc.).

Guiding treatment decisions and monitoring disease progression.

The specimen is processed by histopathology, often with special stains or immunohistochemistry for deeper analysis.

Analyte: Large tissue specimen (size varies depending on site and indication).

Normal Result: Normal tissue architecture without evidence of malignancy or disease.

Abnormal Findings:

Malignant cells: Confirms cancer diagnosis.

Inflammatory changes: Suggests infection, autoimmune disease, or chronic inflammation.

Degenerative changes: Indicates organ-specific pathology.

Clinical Use:

Provides a definitive diagnosis in suspected cancer cases.

Helps determine tumor grade, stage, and margins.

Guides surgical and medical management.