Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), also known as Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (SGPT), is an enzyme found mainly in the liver.

Elevated ALT levels indicate liver cell injury or inflammation.

Clinical uses include:

Detecting liver diseases such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, fatty liver, and drug-induced liver injury.

Monitoring patients on medications that may affect the liver.

Assessing liver function in chronic conditions.

The test is performed using a blood sample.

Analyte: Alanine Aminotransferase enzyme activity in serum.

Normal Range: ~7 – 56 U/L (varies by lab).

Abnormal Findings:

High ALT: Suggests liver damage (hepatitis, cirrhosis, alcohol/drug toxicity, fatty liver disease).

Mild elevation: May occur with strenuous exercise or muscle injury.

Clinical Use:

Provides a sensitive marker for liver injury.

Helps differentiate liver-related causes of illness.

Guides treatment and monitoring of liver disease progression.